Synchronizer.



No. 717,768. PATENTED JAN. 6 1903.

H. 'SHOEMAKER. SY-NGHRONIZER.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 25, 1902.

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w neooeg. A v 7 MM 7 {Oz W m I xdfi No. 717,768. PATENTED JAN. 6, 1903.

H. SHOEMAKERP SYNOHRONIZER.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 25, 1902. H0 MODEL.

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owl M #Mmm No. 717,768. PATENTED JAN. 6, 1903.

H. SHOEMAKER.

SYNGHRONIZERI APPLICATION FILED APR. 25, 1902.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFI E;

HARRY SHOEMAKER,OF PHILADELPHIA, PnNNsYLvANiA, AssieNon T0 MARIE v.GEHRING AND THE CONSOLIDATED WIBELESSTELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE COMPANY, orPHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

SYNCHRONIZER. H

"srnctrtcarton formmg part of Letters Patent No. 717,768,11atedfl'anuarye, 1903.

Application filed April 25, 1902.

To all w/ton it may concern:

- Be it known that l, HARRY SHOEMAKER, a citizen of the United States,residing at Phila- .delphia, in the county of Philadelphiaand State ofPennsylvania, have invented a new" and useful Synchronizer,'ot' whichthe follow.- ing is a specification.

My inventioncom-prises means wherebya plurality of messages may besimultaneously transmittedand received by a single apparatus withoutconfusion or interference between the several messages. r

It comprises commutating devices whereby the transmitters are broughtalternately into action with such-rapidity that each transmitter isindependent of and does not interfere with the others. 4

A It comprises also commutating devices whereby the receiving-circuitsare brought alternately into action with such rapidity that eachreceiver is independent of and does not interfere with the others andproperly select out the impulses intended for it.

It comprises, further, means whereby the synchronous movement of theapparatus of the several stations of a system is obtained .for use ininstruments where the energy r ep-.

: comprising my invention as appliedto a system employingelectroradian't energy, such as a wireless signaling system, in whichthere are involved circuit arrangements which comprise a part of myin-ven'tion..

My invention com prises, further, means for driving the commutators, forthrowing them into and out of action, so that they will start andoperate in the proper angular relations,

drawings, in which' Figure 1 is a side view, partly in section and mutator-cyliuders.

Serial a. 104,614. (Remodel) partly in elevation, of the synchronizingap- 5o 1. Fig. 3 is an end view of a portion of the 55 apparatus shownin Fig. 2 along with adjust- Fig. 4 is-a view of one of the com- Fig. '5is a plan view 'of a speed-controlling means for the drivinging means.

motor-shown in Fig. 1 inside elevationroo Fig. 6 is an end view of oneof the magnetic clutch members, showing radial corrugations. Fig. 7 is adiagrammatic view of the circuits employed in thecontrol of thedriving-motor to attain uniform speed. Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic viewofthe magnets and I the controlling-circuit for clutching the com-;inutator-shaft to the power-shaft and forun locking and permitting therotation of the Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic 7o com m utator-shaft. view ofthe circuits at a station, showing both the transmitting and receivingcircuits in their relation to the synchronously-driven comm'utators."showing a modified means for clutching the Fig. 10 is a sideelevationpower-shaft to the commutator-shaft. Fig. 11 is an end view ofthe modification shown in Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is'a top plan view of thesame modification. Fig. 13 is a detail showing the magnets and armatureof the modi- 8o" fiedclutch. Fig. 14 is a detail showing the armatureand the member attached to or integral therewith which acts directlyuponthe clutch member. Fig. 15 shows a face view] of one of the clutchmembers.

In Fig.1, 1 is a metallic box, uponthe inside of which is a plate 2,supporting the apparatus, and upon the outside of which is the platform,3, of insulating material, which is secured to and supported from thebox 1 by brackets 4 which are ruptured from time to time.-

p 6 is the armature of a shunt-wound motor, such as is used for drivingphonographic record-cylinders. This armature is of the slottedGramme-ring type, about nine or ten inches in diameter, and ofconsiderable mas s and therefore considerable moment of inertia. It ismounted upon thevertical shaft 7, bearing by conical pivots in the cupsSand 9, cup. 8 being secured to the bottom of box 1 on a blockof'insulation 10. Upper bearing-cup 9 is inthe end of a vertical member11, which is supported in the bracket 12.

means of a small ribbon or belt a centrifugal governor which controlsthe circuit of the armatu re only of the motor, the field-magnetsremaining at all times energized. Upon an increase of speed thecentrifugal governor short-circuits the armature, and inasmuch as thefield remains energized it is promptly damped, and upon reduction ofspeed the centrifugal. governor permits the opening of thearmature-circuit. This centrifugal governor is well known in connectionwith phonographic motors and requires no further description herein.secured an annulariron body 14, having a plurality of lugs orprojections 15, as shown in Fig. 5. Disposedarou'nd the iron mass 14 arethe electromagnets 16, 17, 18, and 19, spaced equally and similarly tothe lugs 15 upon the body 14.

At is shown a beveled gear, also securely :mounted upon the shaft 7.

20 meshes with a complementary gear 21, which is rigid with a shafthaving its hearings in the sleeve 22 at the .top of standard 23. Thisshaft carries at its other extremity an iron radially-corrugateddislcZt.The corrugations are shown in Fig. 6. Stationary upon the sleeve 22 andin close arrangement withthe plate 24 is the magnet-coil 25, in whosemagnetic circuit is the iron plate 26,which is similarly corrugated. is,however, on the independent coimnutator'shaft 27, which has its hearingsin the sleeve 28, supported on standard 29 30, and sleeve 31, supportedupon the standard 32. The bearing 30, as shown,' is insulated from theend of box 1' by the member 33.

' Coil 25 and plates 24 and 26 form a magnetic clutch, of which themember 24 .is constantly rotating, being driven by armature 6,

and at predetermined times coil 25 is energized, which then causes theengagement of 24 and 26, resulting inthe transmission of power fromarmature 6 to shaft 27 and cansing the shaft 27 t0 rotate at thesamespeed as the plate 24.

Upon the shaft 27 are secured thecomm uy tater-cylinders 34, 35, and 36,each com-prising, as shown in Fig. 4, a mass of insulating material 37,which supports segments 38 and 39, of conducting material, which are on0pposite sides of'the cylinder 37, each of which embraces an arc ofninety degrees. These segments are in electrical connection with acontinuous ring-conductor concentric with the shaft 27 and upon whichbears a brush.

40, 41, and 42 are'standards, on the top of which are theinsnlatingmembers 43, 44, and

At 13 is shown a belt-wheel, from which is driven by Upon the same shaft7 is.

v45, respectively, which carry the brush-hold- The other ers 46, 47, and48, respectively. brush-holders are partially hidden.

Upon the shaft'27 are threads 49, which are engaged by a pin upon theend of a lever 51, which is fastened to a barrel 52, capable oflongitudinal motion upon the rod 53. Inv practice the threads 49 are ofmuch smaller pitch than shown in the drawings and occupy a somewhatgreater length on the shaft 27. The motion of the barrel 52 toward theleft in Fig. 1 or toward'the right, as shown in Fig. 2, is resisted bythe coil-spring 54, surroundingsaidrod53. Projectingd'ownwardlyfrom thebarrel 52 is the lever 55, which extends into the path of movement ofthe frame 56, which is mounted upon the rock-shaft 57. The spiral spring58 (shown in Fig. 3) is adjusted bymeans of screw 59, extending throughthe side of the box 1, and tends to rotate the lever 51 in aconnter-clockwisedirection as viewed in Fig. 3, so as to normally keepthe pin 50 in engagement with the threads 49. The rock-shaft 57 has-abearing in standard 29 and also in the member 60 and passes through theend of box 1 through an insulated joint 61. Outside of the box andmounted upon said rock-shaft 57 is the armature 62 of the magnets 63,whose back armature and support is shown at 64, Fig. 2. Upon theenergization of the magnets 63 the armature 62isattracted, which causesa rotation of shaft 57 in such adirectiou as to cause the pin'50 fromengagement with the threads 49. Upon the'deenergization of magnets 63sprint 58 causes pin 50 to rengage the threads 49 and the armature 62 torecede from the magnets 63.

During-the rotation of the shaft 27 and the engagement of pin 50 withthreads 49 barrel 52, in virtue of this engagement between pin 50 andthreads 49, moves toward the left, as shown in Fig. 1, compressing thespring 54 and after a certain travel causes pin 65 to press leaf-spring66 to the left and break cir-.

cult at the contact 67: Said contact 67 is supported upon standard 29and insulated therefrom. The leaf-spring 66 is also sup- "ported uponand insulated from the standard 29.

The number of threads 49 on shaft 27 is such that the time consumed bythe pin 50 in traversing them is somewhat in excess of the interval oftime between words or sentences in the transmission.

At 68 is shown an electromagnet whose armature 69 is pivoted at itscenter to the standard 29 and whose upper end extends into the path ofthe pin 70, secured to the disk 26 at or near its circumference. Thearmature (59 is normally held in the position shown in Fig. 1 in thepath of the pin 70 by means of the spiral spring7l, which is adjusted byspeed.

thumb-screw 72, fitted in standard 23. Upon theenergization of themagnets 68 the armature 69 is attracted in opposition to the spring 71and the upper end of the armature 69 is removed from the path of the pin70.

In Fig. 7 is shown pendulum 73, which may be kept constantly swinging bywell-known electromechanical means and whose bob 74 carries at its lowerextremitya contact-piece 75, which is adapted during the vibrations ofthe pendulum to connectsuccessively for brief intervals of time with thecontacts 76, 77, and 78, all of which are connected together and incircuit with source of energy 79, the-ma nets of the relay- 80, theconductor 81,- and the pendulum 73. At each contact the relay 80 isenergized and its tongue 82 makes contact with 83 and closes circuittherewith for a brief instant, thereby energizing magnets 16, 17, 18,and 19 from the source of energy 84. The length of the pendulum 73 is sochosen and the number of lugs 15 upon themember 14 and their associatedmagnets so chosen with regard to the speed of the armature 6 of themotor that at each contact at 76, 77, andv 78 the lugs 15 will beexactly opposite-the poles of the magnets if the armature 6 is rotatingat the proper speed. Should said armature lag slightly, the lugs 15would be slightly displaced from the point of symmetry with the poles ofthe magnets 16, 17, 18, and 19, and upon the energiz'ation of thesemagnets theywonld give anaccelerating impulse to the disk 14, whichinturn would bring the armature ofThelmotor to the pre-' cise angularposition it ought toioccupy had it not departed from absolutely uniform-In case the armature 6 should travel too rapidly the lugs 15 would be inadvance of the poles of the magnets at certain instants, and theenergization of said magnets would cause a retarding im pulse to beapplied to disk 14 and armature 6. These magnets are energized sofrequently that the armature 6 could. at most be out of its properangular position by a few degrees only. The device describedin'cnnnection with Fig. 7 operates in connection with the centrifugaldevice de scribed above, the latter-operating uponrelatively greatchanges of speed, whereas the.

pendulum-control (shown in Fig.7) maintains the disk 1-1, and thereforethe disk 24'and' shaft 27, in practically absolutely uniform rotaiion.

Fig. 8 shows the arrangement of circuits of the magnets 25 and 68' inconnection with their circuit-contro1ler 66 67. 85 is a source of energyfor energizing the magnets just named, and, as previously stated, whenthe pin 66 has been moved su'fiicienily far to the left, as shown inFig. 1, the spring 66 breaks the cirmii'tat 67. The result is that theclutch 24. 26 loses its magnetism, and therefore its ability to transmitpower. A spring 71 retracts armature 69, so as to come into the path ofthe pin and stop the shaft 27 in a certain angular position.

rapid succession.

In Fig. 9 is Shown the arrangement of the circuits at the transmitterand receiver. 86 is an operators key which closes a circuit through 7othe contacts 87, and while'being depressed for this purpose a lugon thelower side of the key brings into contact the points 88 at the samemoment the points 87 engage each other. Two

circuits are therefore closed. The one conin the emission of .waves fromthe radiatingfiio aerial conductor 102, connected to one side of thespark-gap 103, the other side of which connects to earth-plate 104. Theother circuitinclndes the contacts 88, the source of energy 100, andonewinding of the electromagnet 63. The result is that as'the operatordepresses key 86 to send the first impulse magnet 63 is energized, whichthen causes pin 50 to be disengaged from the threads 49. "So

long as messages are being sent 63 is ener- 9o gized and the pin 50 isprevented from engagement with the threads 49. Asecond key 95 controlscontacts 96 and 97in the same manner as described iii-connection withkey 86, contacts 96 controlling the circuit through 5' brush 99, brush91, source of energy 92, primary of the coil 93, and the conductor 94.-The contacts 97 control a circuit embracingv the source of energy 101and the remaining winding uponthe magnet63. The brushes 16'.

and 99 are arranged at an angle of ninety degrees with each other, sothatat the instant one brush comes in engagementwith the commutatortheother brush has just left contact with the other segment. as thecommutator rotates rapidly key 86 controls transmitter-coil93 for onehalf of the time and the key controls it for the remaininghalf'of thetime and alternately in tatoris such that to all intents and purposes:either keysends its dots and dashes without any interruption whatever.In other words, the commutator rotates so rapidly that the time requiredto make a dot is-sufficiently :15

long for the commutator to make several revolutions,'and therefore inrealityv break up said dot into several component dots. Upon ceasing. tosend messages from either key 86 or 95 the apparatusshown in Fig.lcontinues 12o to revolve, and 63 beingdenergized point 50 engages withthethreads 49 and causes the barrel 52 to move to the left, as shown inFig. 1, until 65 opens a circuit of the coils 25 and 68, which thencauses the stoppage of the shaft 27. Upon the first closure of thecircuit at either key, however, 63 is energized, the pin 50 isreattracted from engagement with the threads 49, and the barrel 52 isforced to the'right along its guide-rod 57, as shown in Fig. 1,permitting the c'losureof the circuit at 66 and 67, resulting in anenergization of magnets 25 and 68, which results instantly in therotation of the shaft 27 and its commutators The result is that 105 Thespeed of the communo right angles to each other.

extends a conductor, which embraces the wave-responsive device, hereshown as a Branly tube 108, whose other terminal connects through brush109, through the commutator 36, to' brush 110, to earth-plate 104. Inshunt to the tube 108 is a circuit including relay 111 and source ofenergy 112. The tongue 113 in this relay includes and controls the samecircuit controlled by contacts 07 of the key 95- namely, the source ofenergy 101 and one winding of the magnet 63. Brush 107 communicates witha second tube 114, in shunt to which is a circuit including the relay115 and source of energy 116. The tongue 117 of said relay controls acircuit embracing a source of energy 100 of the magnet 63, which is thesame circuit'as controlled by contacts 88 of the key 86. The otherterminal of the tube 114 connects through brush 118, through commutator36, brush 110 to earth-plate 104. 'IhebrusheslOE) and 118 are at rightangles to each other, similar to brushes 106 and 107. At the firstarriving impulse either tube 108 or llcauses the actuation f eitherrelay 111 threads 49.

or 115, which results in the energization of one-or: the other of thecoils of magnet 63. The receiving mechanism being at rest, the circuitof the receiver at 66 and 67 is'opened and the barrel 52 at its extremeleft position, with the pin 50 in engagement with the The euergizationof magnets 63 due to the first impulse just arriving, as just described,then instantly withdraws the pin 50 from engagement with the threads 49,spring 54 repels the barrel 52 to the right, permitting theclosure'ofthe circuit at 66 and 67, which results in the energization of mag? nets25 and 68. This, as previously described, causes the shaft 27 and itsassociated commutators to instantly come up to speed.

and to start from an angular position such that the commutators ofthe'receiving device will rotate synchronously with those of thetransmitting device. The speeds of the armatures 6 in both instru men tsare very closely the same, and if not precisely the same are absolutelyregulated to uniform speed by the pendula 73, which vibrate at the samerate at both stations. When key 86, for example, at thetransmitting-station is depressed, it sends the first impulse to themagnet 63 of the transmitter and also the first impulse to From brush106 I the shaft 27 together.

mined by the pins 70, projecting from the.

disk 26 of each instrument Considering the transmitting portion of Fig.9 as being at one station and the receiver portion at another, it isseen that as either key 86 or 95 is depressed the transmitting apparatusstarts, as does also the receiving apparatus, which then rotates insynchronism with the transmitting apparatus. When brush 90, for example,is just in contact with segment 38 of the commutator 34, the brush 107of the receiver is likewise just coming into contact with correspondingsegment of its commutator 35. The impulses then which are controlled bythe key 86 are selected out to the Branly tube 114. In the same mannerkey in conjunction with brush 99 controls impulses which are selectedout by brush 106 and the tube 108. that with the apparatus herein shownand described'two messages may be simultaneously sent and receivedwithout interference with each other, using the same. transmittingsource of power and the same receiving aerial conductor. 'Itis seen alsothat by the additional comm utator 36 in the receiver the tubes 108 and114 are entirely out out of circuit when the brushes pass on to theinsulatingsegments. It is possibleto join the left-hand terminals of thetubes 108 and 114 to groundplate l04rdirectly; but itis preferable tocause theco-m'plete isolation of the tubes, as ust described, due to thecommutator 36.

It is to be understood that relays 111 and 115 in addition tocontrolling the windings of the magnets 63 control the usual recordingdevices, tappers, &c. In'Figs. 10 to 15, inclusive, I have shown amodified and preferred form of electromagnetic means for coupling thepower-shaft and The coil 25'is still shown as present, though it may beomitted. The magnets 119 are in the same circuit with coils'25 and 68 orreplace 25 entirely. The armature 120 of said magnet is pivoted at 121on the standard 29 and carries two vertical arms 122, carrying at theirupper ends small antifriction-rollers 123. Upon the energization ofmagnets 119 the armature 120 is attracted downwardly, which causes thenthe rollers 123 to press to the left, as shown in Fig. 10, againstcorrugated plate 26 to engage with a similar plate 24', thereby securingIt is thus seen ICC mechanical connection between the powershaft and thedriven-shaft 27. This then in the absence of the coil 25 is a purelymechanical connection between plates 24 and 26' and not dependentuponelectromagnetism for the attraction between the two plates.

Though I have shown apparatus constructed to send and receivesimultaneously two messages, it is to be understood within the scope ofmy invention to enlarge the system, so as to make it possible to sendstill more messages without interference with each other. It is also tobe understood that this apparatus is adaptable for use on multipletelegraph systems Where the energy is transmitted over line-Wires.

I do not wish to be limited to the precise arrangement of apparatus orcircuits, inas-- 2. In a synchronizer for use in a 'wirelesstelegraphsystem, a rotating power-shaft, a

shaft carrying circuit changing means, a member upon the end of eachshaft, means for causing the engagement of said members and anelectromagnetic wave-responsive device for actuating said last-mentionedmeans.

8. In a synchronizer for use in a wireless telegraph system, a rotatingpower-shaft,a shaft carrying circuit-changing means, magnetic means forcoupling the said shafts together, and means responsive toelectromagnetic Waves for actuating said coupling means.

4. In a synchronizer for use in a wirelesstelegraph system, a rotatingpower-shaft, a shaft carrying circuit-changing means, electroresponsivemeans for coupling the said shafts together and means responsive toelectromagneticwaves for actuatingsaid coupling means.

5. -In a synchronizer for use in a wirelesstelegraph system, a rotatingpower-shaft, a

shaft carrying circuit-changingmeans,meaus for coupling the said shaftstogether, means for causing the disengagement'of said shafts and meansresponsive to electromagnetic waves for actuating said coupling anddisen-' gaging means.

- 6. In asynchronizer, a power-shaft, a shaft carrying comm utatingmeans, electric means for coupling said shafts, electrically-operatedmeans for causing the disengagement c! said shafts and a common circuitfor energizing the coupling and disengaging means.

7. In a synchronizer, a power-shaft, a shaft carrying commutating means,electrical means for coupling said shafts, and electrically-operatedmechanical means for causing the disengagement of said shafts. I

8. In a synchronizer, a power-shaft, a shaft.

carrying com mutating means, electrical means for coupling said shafts,and electrically-operated mechanical-means for causing the disengagementof said s fts upon a release of the coupling means.

9. ,In a synchronizer, a power-shaft,

whereby the shafts are disengaged upon release of the coupler.

. 10. In asynchronizer, a power-shaft, ashaft carrying commutatingmeans, a magnetic coupler for said shafts, a stop in a definite angularposition with respect to the commutating means, and means extending intothe path of said stop, whereby the shaft carrying the commutating meansstarts from and comes to rest at a definite position.

11. Inasynchronizer,apower-shaft, ashaft carrying cornmutating means, acoupler for said shafts, a stop on the shaft carrying the commutatingmeans, and electrically-controlled means extending intothe path of saidstop. v

12. In a synchronizer, a power-shaft, a shaft carrying commutatingmeans, a coupler for said shafts, a stop on the shaft carrying thecommutating means, means extending into the path of said stop, anelectromagnet controlling said means and a time circuit-controller inthe circuit of said ele'ctromagnet.

13. In a synchrouizer, a power-shaft, ashaft carrying commutating means,a coupler for said shafts, a sthp' on the shaft carrying the commutating:neans,means extending into the path of said stop, an electromagnetcon-' trolling said means,-and. a time'circuit-controller in the circuitof said electromagnet and controlled by the shaft carrying thecommutating means.

14. In asynchronizer, a power-shaft, ashaft carrying commutating means,a coupler for said shafts, a stop on the shaft carrying the commut-ating means, means-for engaging said stop,an electromagnetcontrolling said means and means operated by the shaft carrying thecommutating means for controlling the circuit of said electromagnetafter certain conditions have obtained for a definite time in terval.

15. In asynchronizer, a power-shaft, ashaft carrying the commutatingmeans, a coupler for'said shafts, a stop on the shaft carrying thecommutating means, a lever extending into the path of said stop, aspring applied to said lever, an electromagnetoperating upon said lever,and means operated'hy the shaft carrying the comm utating means forcontrolling the circui t of said electromagnet, after certain conditionshave obtained for a definite time interval.

16. A power-shaft, a shaft carrying comm utating means, a coupler forsaid shafts, a stop on the shaft carrying the com mutating means, meansextending into the path of said stop, an electromagnet controlling saidmeans, a circuit-controller in the circuit of said electromaguet, andmeans engaging the shaft cat'- rying the com mutating means, foroperating said circuit-controller.

17. A power-shaft, a shaft carrying comm ua shaft i tatingmeans, anelectromagnet controlling circuit of said electromagnets, and meansengaging the driven shaft for operating said circuit-controller.

19. A power-shaft, a driven shaft carrying commutating means, a'disk onan end of each shaft, means for causing the engagement of said disks, astop on the disk of the driven shaft, means extending into the path ofsaid stop,an electromagnetcontrolling said means, and acircuit-controller in the circuit of said electromagnet and operated bythe driven shaft.

. 20. A power-shaft, a driven shaft, a disk on an end of each shaft, a-nelectromagnet for causing the engagement; of said disks, a stop on thedisk of the driven shaft, means extending into the path of said stop, anelectromagnet controlling said means, and'a circuitcontroller. in thecircuit of said electromagnets operated by the driven shaft.

21. A power-shaft, a driven shaft, a disk on an end of each shaft, anelectromagnet for causing the engagement of said disks, a stop on thedisk of the driven shaft, means extending into the path of said stop, anelectromagnet controlling said means, and a circuitcontroller in thecircuit of said electromaguets operated by the driven shaft after a definite time interval.

22. Apower shaft, a magnetic mass secured thereto, a driven shaftcarrying comm utating means, a coupler for said shafts, electromagnetsoperating upon 'said magnetic mass, a pendulum, and a circuit includingsaid electromagnets controlled thereby.

23. A power-shaft, a magnetic mass secured thereto, a driven shaftcarrying commutating means, a stop on the driven shaft,electrically-controlled means extending into the path of said stop,electromagnct's operating upon said magnetic mass, a pendulum, and acircuit including said eleetromagnets controlled by said pendulum.

24. A power-shaft, a magnetic mass secured thereto, a driven shaft, acoupler for said shafts, a stop on the driven shaft, means extendinginto the path of said stop, an electromagnet ntrolling said means, acircuit-controller in the circuit of said electromagnet operated by thedriven shaft, a pendulunna circuit in lnding electromagnets controlledthereby, said electromagnets operating upon the magnetic mass toregulate the speed thereof.

25. A power-shaft, a magnetic mass secured thereto, a driven shaft, anelectromagnet for coupling said shafts, a circuit-controller included inthe circuit of said electromagnet and operated by the driven shaft, apendulum, a circuit including electromagnets controlled thereby, saidelectromagnets operating upon said magnetic mass to regulate the speedthereof.

i 26. A power-shaft, a magnetic mass secured thereto, a driven. shaft, acoupler. for said shafts, a stop on the driven shaft, means extendinginto the path of said stop, an electromagnet controlling said means, acircuit-con troller included in the circuit of said electro-v magnet andoperated by the driven shaft, a

pendulum, a circuit including electromagnets controlled thereby, saidelectromagnets operating upon said magnetic mass to regulate the speedthereof; r

27. In a synchronizer adapted for use in a wireless-telegraph system, apower-shaft, a driven shaft, and means responsive to the firsttransmitted or receivedimpulse for actuating means for coupling the saids afts together.

28'. In a synchronizer adapted for use in a wireless-telegraph system, apower-shaft constantly rotating, a driven shaft normally at rest andmeans responsive to the first transmitted or received impulse foractuating means for coupling said shafts together.

29. In a synchronizer adapted for use in a wireless-telegraph system,'apower-shaft, a driven shaft and means responsive to the firsttransmitted or received impulse for energizing means whereby a magnetic.coupler may be actuated.

30. In a synchronizer, a power shaft, a driven shaft, 3. stop on thedriven shaft, 2. member projecting into the path of said stop, andelectric means responsive to the first received and transmitted impulsefor Withdrawing said member from the path of said stop.

31. In a synchronizer, a power shaft, a driven shaft, a lock holdingsaid driven shaft in a definite angular position, and electric meansresponsive to the first transmitted or received impulse for unlockingthe driven shaft.

32. In a synchronizer, a power shaft, a driven shaft, 2. coupler forsaid shafts, a lock holding said driven shaft in a definite angularposition, and electric means responsive to the first transmitted orreceived impulse for unlocking the drivenshaft and coupling it to thepower-shaft.

33. In a synchronizer, a powershaft, a driven shaft, a couplingdnagnet amagnet controlling a membe extending into the path of a' stop on thedriven shaft, and electric means responsive to the first received ortransmitted impulse for controlling the circuit including the windingsof said magnets.

34, In a synchronizer, a power. shaft, a driven shaft, acoupling-magt'iet, a magnet controllinga member extending into the pathofa stop on the driven shaft, and electric means responsive to the firstreceived or transmitted. impulse for energizing said magnets.

v 35. In a synchronizer, a power shaft, a driven shaft, a coupler forsaid shafts, a lock holding said driven shaft in a definite angularposition, and electric means responsive to the first transmitted orreceived impulse for controlling the circuit of the coupler-magnet andthe means for unlocking the driven shaft.

36. Inasynchronizer,ashaft,threadsthereon engaged by a lever, a barrelsupporting said lever pivoted and sliding upon a guiderod, a springopposing the motion of said barrel, and circuit-contacts controlled bysaid lever. i

37. In a wireless-telegraph system, a uniformly-rotating power-shaft ateachstation, a driven shaft at each station carrying transmitting andreceiving commutators in definite angular position, and anelectromagnetic wave-responsive;device at each station responsive to thefirst transmitted or received iilnpulse for coupling the driven to thepower s iaft.

38. Ina wireless-telegraph system, a power and driven shaft at eachstation, transmitting and receiving commutators on each driven shaft,means for holding all the com mutators at rest in a definite angularposition, and an electromagnetic wave-responsive device responsive tothe first transmitted or received impulse for coupling the driven to thepower shaft.

39. in a wireless-telegraph system, a power and driven shaft at eachstation, transmitting and receiving commutators on each driven shaft,means holding all the commutators at rest in a definite angularposition, an electromagnetic wave-responsive device responsive to thefirst transmitted orreceived impulse for coupling the driven to thepower shafts, and means for uncoupling the shafts a definite interval oftime after the last impulse transmitted or received. t

40. In a wireless-telegraph system, a uniformlyq'otat'ing power shaft ateach station, a driven shaft at each station carrying commutators indefinite angular position. and an electromagnetic wave-responsive deviceat each station responsive to the first transmitted or received impulsefor coupling the driven to the power shaft.

41. In a wireless-telegraph system, a power and driven shaft at eachstation, commutators on each driven shaft, means for holding all thecommutators at rest in a definite angular position, and anelectromagnetic Waveresponsive device responsive to the firsttransmitted or received impulse for coupling the driven to the powershaft.

42. In a wireless-telegraph system, a power and driven shaft at eachstation, conrmutators on each driven shaft, means holding all the com mutators at rest in a'definite angular position, an electromagneticwave-responsive device responsive to the first transmitted or receivedimpulse for coupling the driven to I at the same speed, a driven shaftfor each 7 power-shaft carrying a commutator, and an electromagneticwave-responsive deviceat each station responsive to the firsttransmitted or received impulse for coupling the driven to the powershaft.

44. In a wireless-telegraph system, apowershaft at each station rotatinguniformly and at the samespeed,-a driven shaft for each power-shaftcarrying a commutator, means for holding the com mutators at rest in adefi-- nite angular position and an electromagnetic wave-responsivedevice responsive to the first received or transmitted impulse forcoupling the'dri-ven to the power shafts.

45. In awireless-telegra-ph system, a powershaft at each stationrotating uniformly and at the same speed, a driven shaft for eachpower-shaft. carrying a commutator, an electromagnetic wave-responsivedevice responsive to the first transmitted or received impulse forcoupling the driven to the powershafts, andmeans for uncoupling theshafts a definite interval of time after the last transmitted orreceived impulse..

46. In awireless-telegraph system, a'powershaft at each station rotatinguniformly and at the same speed, adriven shaft for each power-shaftcarrying a commutator, means for holding the cominutators at rest in adefinite angular position, an electromagnetic wave-responsivedeviceresponsive to the first transmitted or received impulse forcoupling the shafts, and means .for uncoupling the -shafts a definiteinterval of time after the last transmitted or'received impulse.

47. In a wireless-telegraphsystem-,a powershaft at each station rotatinguniformly at'a definite rate, a driven shaft for each powershaftcarrying a commutator, means for lockint: the cointnutators at rest in adefinite angular position, an electromagnetic wave-responsive device resonsive to the first transmitted or received anpulse for unlocking thecommutators and coupling the driven to the power shafts, and means foruncoupling the shafts a definite interval of time after the lastimpulse.

48. In a wireless-telegraph system, a powershaft at eachstation rotatinguniformly andat the same speed, a driven shaft for each power shaftcarrying a transmitting and receiving commutator, and an electromagneticwave-responsive device at each station to sponsive to the firsttransmitted or received impulse for coupling the driven to the powershaft.

49. Ina wireless-telegraphsystem, a powershaft at each station,rotating,uniformly and at the same speed, a driven shaft for each power-shaftcarrying a transmitting and receiving commutator, means for holding thecommutators at rest in a definite angular position and anelectromagnetic wave-responsi ve device responsive to the first receivedor transmitted impulse for coupling the driven to the power shafts.

50. In a wirelesstelegraph system, a powershaft at each station rotatinguniformly and at the same speed, a driven shaft for each power-shaftcarrying a transmitting and receivingcommutatonanelectromagneticwaveresponsive device responsive to the first transmittedorreceived impulse for coupling the driven to the power shafts, andmeans for uncoupling theshafts'a definite interval of time after thelast transmitted or received impulse.

51. In a wireless-telegraph system, a power: shaft at each stationrotating uniformly and at the same speed, a driven shaft for eachpower-shaft carrying a transmitting and receiving-commutator, means forholding the comm utators at rest in a definite angular position, anelectromagnetic wave-responsive device responsive to the firsttransmitted or received impulse for coupling theshafts, and means foruncoupling the shafts a definite interval of time after the lasttransmitted or received impulse.

52. In awireless-telegraph systenna powershaft at each station rotatinguniformly at a definite rate, a driven shaft for each powershaftcarrying a transmittin and receiving commutator, means for locking thecommutators at rest in a definite angular position, an electromagneticwave--i'esponsive device responsive to the first transmitted or receivedimpulse for unlocking the commutator-s and coupling the driven to thepower shafts, and means for uncoupling the shafts a definite interval oftime after the last impulse.

53. In a wireless-telegraph system comprising synchrononsly-operatingmechanism at each statioma key controlling the transmittercircuit andalso controlling the operation of the synchronously-operating mechanism.

54. Inawireless-telegraph system comprising synchronously-operatingmechanism at each station,a key controlling the transmittercircuit andalso controlling simultaneously the operation of thesynchrononsly-operating mechanism.

55. In a wireless-telegraph system eomprising synclironously-operatingmechanism at each. staiioma key controlling the transmitter circuit andalso controlling the starting of the syuchronously-operating mechanism.

56. In a Wirelesstelegraph system comprising synchronously-operatingmechanism at each statioma key controlling the transmittercircuit andalso controlling a circuit including means which control the locking ofthe synchronously-operating mechanism.

ing synchronously-operatingmechanism at each statioma key controllingthe transmitter circuitand alsocontrollinga circuit including meanswhich control the locking of the synchronously-operating mechanism in adefinite position.

60. Inawireless-telegraph systemcomprising synchronously-operatingmechanism at each station,a key controllingthetransmittercircuitandjalso controllinga circuit including means whichcontrol the starting of the synchronously-operating mechanism from andlocking it in a predetermined position.

61. In a Wireless-telegraph system com prising synchronously-operatingmechanism at each station,a key controlliugthe transmittew circuit andalso controllingacircuit including means which control the locking ofthe synchronously-operating mechanism a definite interval of time afterthe last operation of said key.

62. In a wireless-telegraph system com pris ing synchronously operatingmechanism at each stati0n,a key controlling the transmittercircuit andsimultaneously controlling a circuitincluding means which control theoperation of the synchronously-operating mechanism.

63. In a wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronously-operatingmechanism at each station,a key controlling the transmittercircuit andsimultaneously controlling a circuit including means which control thestarting of the synchronously-operating mechanism.

64. In a wireless-telegraph system comprising sync'hronously-operatingmechanism at each station,a key cont-rolling the transmittercircuit andsimultaneously controlling, a circuit including means which control thelocking of the synchronously-operating mechanism.

65. In a Wireless-telegraph system comprising synchrouously-operatingmechanismat each statioma key controlling the transmittercircuit andsimultaneously controlling a cir cuit including means which control thestarting and locking of the synchronously-operating mechanism.

66. In a wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronously-operatingmechanism at each station,a key controllingthe transmittercircuit andsimultaneously controlling a cir- ICC cuit including means which'controlthe startcircuit and simultaneously controlling a cir-.

cuit including means which control the looking of thesynchronously-operating mechan loism in a definiteposition.

68. In a wireless-telegraph system compris ing synchronously-operatingmechanism at each station, a key controllin g thetransmittercircuit and simultaneously controlling a circuit includingmeans which control the starting of the synchronously-operating mechamism from and looking it in a predetermined position.

69. In aWireless-telegraph system comprislog synchronously-operatingmechanism at each statioma key controlling the transmitter-' circuit andsimultaneously controlling a circuit including means which control thelooking of 'the synchronouslypperating mechan- 5515111 a definiteinterval of time aft-er the last operation of the key. p

70. In a Wireless-telegraphsystemgcomprisingsynchronously-=operating.mechanism at each station,a key controlling thetransmitter- 3o circuit and simultaneously controlling a circuitincluding means whichcontrol, the starting of thesynchronously-operating mechanism from apredetermined angular position.

71. In a wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronously-operatingmechanism at each statioina key controlling the transmitter circuitandsimultaneously controlling circuit including means which control thelooking of the synchronously-operating mechan- 40 ism in a definiteangular position.

7 2. In a wireless-telegraph system compris-' ingsynchronously-operating mechanism at each statioma key controlling thetransmittercircuit and simultaneously controlling a circuit includingmeans which control the starting of the synchronously-operatingmechanism from and looking it in a predetermined angular position.

73. In a multiplex wireless-telegraph sys- 5o tem comprisingsynchronously operating mechanism at each station, a plurality of keyscontrolling the transmitter-circuits and also controlling circuitsincluding means which control the operation of the synchronously-op- 55' crating mechanism.

74. In a multiplex wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronouslyoperating mechanism at each station, a plurality oi keys eo'ntrollingthetransmitter-circuits and also 6o controlling circuits including,-meanswhich control the starting of the synchronously-operating mechanism.

75. In a multiplex wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronouslyoperating mechanism at each statioin'a plurality of keys controlling thetransmitter-circuits and also controlling circuits including means whichcontrol the'locking of the synchrononsly-op-i perating mechanism.

-76. In a multiplex wirelesatelegraph system comprising synchronouslyoperating mechanism at each station, a plurality of keys controlling thetransmitter-oircuits and also controlling circuits including means whichcontrol the starting and locking of the synchro- 'nously-operatingmechanism.

77L In-a multiplex wireless-telegraph sys-. tem comprising synchronouslyoperating mechanism at each station, a plurality of keys controlling thetransmitter-circuits and also controlling circuits including means whichcontrol thestartingof the synchronously-operating mechanism froma-predeterminerl position.

7b. In a multiplex Wireless-telegraph system comprisingsynchronously-operating. mechanism at each station, a plurality of keyscontrolling the transmitter-circuits and also control-ling circuitsincluding means which control the locking oE'the synchronously-opcratingmechanism in a definite position.

79. In a multiplex wireless-telegraph 'sys-. tem comprisingsynchronously operating mechanism at each station, a plurality of keyscontrolling the transmitter-circuits and also controlling circuitsincluding means which control the starting of the synchronously-op,erating mechanism from and looking it in a predetermined position.

80. In a multiplex wireless-telegraph systoo tem comprisingsynchronously-operating mechanism at each station, aplurality of keyscontrolling the transmitter-circuits and also controlling circuitsincluding means which co trol the locking of the synchronously-opcrating mechanism a definite interval of time after the last operationof any one of said keys.

81. In a multiplex. wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronouslyoperating mechanism at each station, a plurality of keys alternatelycontrolling the transmitter-circuits and'also alternately controllingcircuits including means which control the operation of thesynchronously-operating mechanism. 82: In a multiplex wireless telegraphsystem comprising synchronously operating mechanism at each station, aplurality of keys alternately controlling the transmittercir cuits andalso alternately controlling circuits including means which control-thestarti of the synchronously-operating mechanis 83. In a multiplexwirelesstelegraph system comprising synchronously operating mechanism ateach station, a plurality of keys mechanism at each-station, a pluralityof keys alternately controlling the transmitter circuits and alsoalternately controlling circuits including means which control thestarting IIO and locking of the synchronously-operating mechanism.

85. In a multiplex wirelesstelegraph system comprising,synchronously-operating mechanism at'each station, a plurality of keysalternately controlling the transmitter-circuits and also alternatelycontrolling circuits including means which control the starting of thesynchronously-operating mechanism from a predetermined position.

256. In a multiplex wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronouslyoperating mechanism at each station, a plurality of keys alternatelycontrolling the transmitter-circuits and also alternately controllingcircuits including means which control the locking of thesynchronously-operating mechanism in a definite position.

8'7. In a multiplex wireless-telegraph system comprisingsynchronouslyoperating mechanism ateach station, a plurality of keysalternately controlling the transmitter-cirtraits and also alternatelycontrolling circuits including means which control the starting of thesynchronously-operating mechanism from and looking it in a predeterminedposition.

88. In a multiplex wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronouslyoperating mechanism at each station, a plurality of keys alternatelycontrolling the transmitter-circnits and also alternately controllingcircuits including means which control the locking of thesynchronously-operating mechanism a definite interval of time after thelast operation 'of any one of said keys. 7

89. In a multiplex wireless-telegraph-system comprising synchronously-'operating mechanism at each station, a pluralityof keys controllingtransmitter-circuits and simultaneously controlling circuits includingmeans which control the operation of the synchronously-operatingmechanism.

90. In a multiplex Wireless-telegraph sys tem comprising synchronouslyoperating mechanism at each station, a plurality of keys controllingtransmitter circuits and simultaneously controlling circuitsincludingmeans .which control the startingof the synchronously-operatingmechanism.

91. In a multiplex wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronouslyoperating mechanism at each station, a plurality of keys controllingtransmitter-circuits and simultaneously controlling circuits includingmeans which control ,the locking of the synchronously-operatingmechanism.

92. In a multiplex wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronouslyoperating mechanism at each station, a plurality of keys controllingtransmitter-circuits and simultaneously controlling circuits includingmeans which control the starting and locking of thesynchronously-operating mechanism.

93. In a multiplex wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronouslyoperating controlling transmitter-circuits and simultaneouslycontrolling circuits including means which control the starting of ,thesynchro nously-operating mechanism from a predetermined position.

94. In a multiplex wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronouslyoperating mechanism at each station, a plurality of keys controllingtransmitter-circuits and simultaneously controlling circuits includingmeans which control the locking of the synchronously-operating mechanismin a definite position.

95. In a multiplex wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronouslyoperating mechanism at each station, a plurality of key controllingtransmitter-circuits and simultaneously controlling circuits includingmeans which control the starting of the synchronously-operatingmechanism from and looking it in a predetermined position.

96. In a multiplex wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronouslyoperating mechanism at each station, aplurality of keys controllingtransmitter-circuits and simultaneously controlling circuits includingmeans which control the locking of the synchronously-operating mechanisma definiteinterval of time after the last operation of any one of saidkeys.

97! In a multiplex wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronouslyoperating mechanism at each station, aplurality of keys alternatelycontrolling transmitter circuits and simultaneouslycontrolling circuitsincluding means which control the operationof thesynchronously-operating mechanism.

98; In a multiplex wireless-telegraph systern comprising synchronouslyoperating mechanism at each station, a plurality of keys alternatelycontrolling transmitter-circuits and simultaneously controlling circuitsincluding means which control the startingof the synchronously-operatingmechanism.

99. Ina multiplex wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronouslyoperating mechanism at each station, a plurality of keys alternatelycontrolling transmitter circuit-s and simultaneously controllingcircuits in cludipg means which control the locking of thesynchronously-operating mechanism.

109. In a multiplex wireless-telegraph system comprisingsynchronouslyoperating mechanism at each station, a plurality of keysalternately controlling transm-itter '-'circuits and simultaneouslycontrolling circuits including means which control the starting andlocking of the'synchronously-operatingmechanism. v

10 1. In a multiplex wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronouslyoperating mechanism at each station, a plurality of keys alternatelycontrolling transmitter-circuits and simultaneously controlling circuitsincluding means which control the starting of the synchronouslyoperating mechanism from mechanism ateach station, aplurality of keys apredetermined position.

102. In a multiplex wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronouslyoperating.

mechanism at each station, a plurality of keys alternately cont-rollingtransmitter-circuits and simultaneously controlling circuits includingmeans which control; the locking of the synchronously-operatingmechanism in a definite position.

.103. In amultiplex wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronouslyoperating mechanism at each station, a plurality of' keys alternatelycontrolling transmitter circuits and simultaneously controlling circuitsincluding means which control the starting of the synchronously-operatin g mechanism from and locking it in a predeterminedposition.

104. In a multiplex wireless-telegraph system comprising synchronouslyoperating inechanism'ateach station, a plurality of keys alternatelycontrolling transmitter-circuits and simultaneously controlling circuitsin- Wcluding means which control the locking of thesynchronouslyoperating mechanism a definite interval of time after theoperation of any one of said keys. v

105. In a wireless-telegraph system, synchronously-moving transmittingand receiving commutato-r's at eachof a plurality of stationsand meanscontrolled by a transmitter b of electromagnetic waves and by anelectromagnetic Wave-responsive device for starting tions and meanscontrolled by a transmitter of electromagnetic waves and by anelectromagnetic v'vave-responsive device for starting the commutatorsfrom rest in, a definite angular position.

108. In a multiplex wireless telegraph system, synchronously-movingtransmitting and receiving commutators, a plurality of transmitters ofelectromagnetic waves and a plurality of electromagnetic wave-responsivedevices associated therewith, and means for stopping the commutators ina definite position a definite interval of time after thelasttransmitted or received impulse.

HARRY SHOEMAKER.

Witnesses:

MAE HOFMANN, J NO. P. CROASDALE.

